April 23: World Book and Copyright Day, All-Ukrainian Psychologist Day

Today, on April 23, writers, poets, playwrights, as well as publishers and lovers of various genres of literature can join the World Book and Copyright Day, UNN reports.

The event was launched by UNESCO in 1995. On this day, UNESCO, together with international organizations representing publishers, booksellers and libraries, selects a city to become the World Book Capital for one year.

Attempts to introduce copyright into joint relations have been known since ancient times. In particular, it was in ancient Greece that the term "plagiarism" was coined - an attempt to pass off someone else's literary work as one's own.

With the spread of book printing and publishing, the protection of the rights of writers, poets, playwrights, and publishers became increasingly important.

In 1710, the Statute of Queen Anne appeared in England and was recognized as the first copyright law. "The Statute of Queen Anne established a private right to protect a published work for a period of 14 years, which could be extended for another 14 years during the author's lifetime.

In 1791 and 1793, the French Constitutional Assembly adopted two decrees that laid the foundation for the French copyright system. The 1791 decree ensured the author's right to public performance of a work during his or her lifetime, as well as the right of heirs for five years after his or her death. A decree of 1793 granted the author the exclusive right to reproduce his or her own works during his or her lifetime, as well as the right to heirs and assigns for 10 years after his or her death.

The first federal American law, adopted in 1790, provided for the protection of books, geographical and nautical charts for 14 years from the date of first publication. This period could be extended for as many years as the author remained alive and subject to strict registration requirements.

In 1886, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works was opened for signature. Today, more than 160 countries are signatories.

Accordingly, under Ukrainian law, copyright is valid for the life of the author and 70 years after his or her death. If a work is published anonymously or under a pseudonym that is not directly associated with a particular person and is not generally known, copyright is valid only for 70 years after the work is published. If the work was created in collaboration, copyright is valid for the life of its authors and 70 years after the death of the last of them.

After the expiration of copyright, works enter the public domain.

Today is the anniversary of William Shakespeare's death, and the International Day of the English Language. On the occasion of the anniversary of the death of Don Quixote author Miguel Cervantes, events are being held today to mark the International Day of the Spanish Language.

In Ukraine, psychologists celebrate their professional holiday on April 23.

Psychology is the study of the human psyche, behavior, and mental processes. Psychologists save people from suicide, depression, apathy, help build relationships with others, and perform many other important tasks.

The origin of psychological science dates back to the 19th century, but the official date of psychology's formation is the year of the opening of the first psychological laboratory, which took place in 1879 thanks to Wilhelm Wundt.

Unfortunately, after the full-scale Russian invasion, people in this profession have become more than in demand, as many relatives of the dead, the military themselves, IDPs, and children need psychological help.

In the first year of the war alone, more than 500,000 Ukrainians turned to psychologists.

Today you can also join the celebration of World Laboratory Day and School Bus Driver's Day.

According to the church calendar, today is the Day of Remembrance of St. George (Yuri) the Serpent-Slayer (Victorious).

Born into a wealthy family in Capadocia, the man decided to join the army as a young man. George became a great warrior and a favorite of Emperor Diocletian. However, he could not bear to see Christians being captured, tortured, and executed by the ruler's order.

One day George came to the emperor and confessed that he was a Christian. Such boldness and frankness angered Diocletian. He ordered the soldier to be captured. George was tortured for a long time, but he did not renounce his faith in Christ. After that, the soldier was beheaded.

Today, Georgiy, Yuriy, Yegor, Valeriy, and Anatoliy celebrate their name days.