Russia has established a weapons programme in China to develop and produce long-range attack drones for use in the war against Ukraine, citing two sources from a European intelligence agency and documents, Reuters reports, UNN writes.
Details
"IEMZ Kupol, a subsidiary of Russian state-owned weapons company Almaz-Antey, has developed and flight-tested a new drone model called Garpiya-3 (G3) in China with the help of local specialists, according to one of the documents, a report that Kupol sent to the Russian defence ministry earlier this year outlining its work," the newspaper writes.
Kupol reportedly "told the defence ministry in a subsequent update that it was able to produce drones including the G3 at scale at a factory in China so the weapons can be deployed in the "special military operation" in Ukraine, the term Moscow uses for the war."
Kupol, Almaz-Antey and the Russian Defense Ministry did not respond to requests for comment for this article. China's foreign ministry told Reuters it was not aware of such a project, adding that the country had strict control measures on the export of drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Fabian Hinz, a research fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, a London-based defence think-tank, said the delivery of UAVs from China to Russia, if confirmed, would be a significant development.
"If you look at what China is known to have delivered so far, it was mostly dual-use goods - it was components, sub-components, that could be used in weapon systems," he told Reuters. "This is what has been reported so far. But what we haven't really seen, at least in the open source, are documented transfers of whole weapon systems."
However, Samuel Bendett, an adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), a Washington-based think-tank, said Beijing would be hesitant to open itself up to international sanctions for helping Moscow's war machine, and that more information was needed to establish that China was playing host to production of Russian military drones.
The US State Department and the Ukrainian government did not respond to requests for comment.
Блінкен у Радбезі ООН запропонував два кроки, які можуть покласти край "війні путіна"25.09.24, 08:39
"The G3 can travel about 2,000 km with a payload of 50 kg, according to the Kupol reports to the ministry. Samples of the G3 and some other drone models made in China have been delivered to Kupol in Russia for further testing, again with the involvement of Chinese experts, they said," the newspaper writes.
The documents don't identify the Chinese drone specialists involved in the project that it outlined and, as noted, Reuters was unable to determine their identity.
Kupol "has taken delivery of seven military drones made in China, including two G3s, at its headquarters in the Russian city of Izhevsk", according to the two separate documents reviewed by Reuters, which are invoices sent to Kupol in the summer by a Russian firm that the two European intelligence sources said serves as an intermediary with Chinese suppliers. As noted, "the invoices, one of which requests payment in Chinese yuan, don't specify delivery dates or identify the suppliers in China."
"The two intelligence sources said the delivery of the sample drones to Kupol was the first concrete evidence their agency had found of whole UAVs manufactured in China being delivered to Russia since the Ukraine war began in February 2022," the publication said.
Reportedly, "the sources showed Reuters five documents in all, including two Kupol reports to the ministry in the first half of the year and the two invoices, to support their claims of the existence of a Russian project in China to manufacture drones for use in Ukraine." The program has not been previously reported.
Kupol's reports to the ministry didn't give more precise locations for sites related to the project. Reuters was also unable to determine whether the defence ministry gave the company the green light to proceed with the serial production proposed.
Beijing has repeatedly denied that China or Chinese companies have supplied Russia with weapons for use in Ukraine, saying the country remains neutral. In response to questions for this article, the foreign ministry told Reuters that China's position presented a contrast with other nations with "double standards on arms sales" whom it said had "added fuel to the flames of the Ukrainian crisis". The publication notes that earlier this month, the ministry said earlier this month that there were no international restrictions on China's trade with Russia when responding to a Reuters report that Kupol had started to produce the Garpiya-A1 long-range military drone in Russia using Chinese engines and parts.
Китай на замовлення РФ створює дрон – Bloomberg03.07.24, 02:20
"The new documents reported here indicate state-owned Kupol has gone further by sourcing complete UAVs from China," the publication points out.
David Albright, a former U.N. weapons inspector who heads the Institute for Science and International Security research group and has conducted extensive work on Chinese and Russian cooperation on drone production, told Reuters that Kupol could skirt Western sanctions on Russia by setting up a production facility in China where it could access advanced chips and expertise.
But Bendett at CNAS said Beijing had reason to tread carefully: "For a factory to exist officially that builds UAVs for the Russians exposes China to some of the more severe effects of the sanctions, so it's not clear the extent to which China would be willing to expose itself."
The outlet notes that the G3 is an upgraded version of the Garpiya-A1 drone, according to Kupol's reports sent to the defence ministry. "It was redesigned by Chinese experts working off blueprints of the Garpiya-A1, they said," the publication writes.
Kupol reportedly said that "within eight months, the project in China would be ready to produce a Chinese-designed REM 1 attack UAV with a payload of 400kg." Two European intelligence sources reported that this system will be similar to the US Reaper drone.
"The sources said another Russian defence firm called TSK Vektor acted as the intermediary between Kupol and Chinese suppliers in the project. They said the Russian firms worked with a Chinese company called Redlepus TSK Vector Industrial, based in Shenzhen, without specifying Redlepus' role," the report said.
TSK Vektor and Redlepus, as indicated, did not respond to requests for comment.
"A separate document reviewed by Reuters reveals plans involving Kupol, TSK Vektor and Redlepus to establish a joint Russian-Chinese drone research and production centre in the Kashgar special economic zone in China's Xinjiang province," the publication notes.
Reuters was unable to determine who produced the document, which bore the logos of the three companies, or identify the intended recipient. The 80-hectare "Advanced UAV Research and Manufacturing Base" would be able to produce 800 drones a year, the document said. No timeline was given for when it would be operational, the newspaper writes.
Last week, Russian dictator Vladimir Putin said that his army received about 140,000 drones in 2023 and that Moscow plans to increase this number tenfold this year, the newspaper notes.
Addendum
Last week, U.S. officials expressed concern about what they said was Chinese support for the Russian war machine, declining to provide details, the newspaper said.