To ensure that the evidence base for Russian crimes against Ukraine is complete and beyond doubt, experts have to conduct a significant number of complex and multi-stage examinations of the types of weapons the enemy uses against Ukraine. What kind of research is a priority, what modern technologies are used by Ukrainian specialists, and what are the primary signs that can be used to determine the type of enemy weapon, said Oleksandr Ruvin, Director of Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, in a commentary to UNN.
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Depending on the specific issues raised by the experts, the main characteristics of the weapon are identified, the metals and materials from which it is made are analyzed, compared with previous samples, and, if possible, reconstructed and other tasks are performed. For example, computer modeling is used to analyze flight paths, possible launch sites, and explosion characteristics. In addition, the detection of serial numbers, markings and other identification marks of preserved microelectronics allows for the identification of manufacturers of such products
The Director of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise emphasized that sometimes it is possible to make a preliminary identification and establish the type of weapon used by the enemy even based on the initial analysis of the appearance of parts and fragments.
"This is possible if the markings are preserved. Fully preserved markings provide information about the name of the weapon, the production plant, the missile control number and the year of manufacture. Part of the markings provides information about a certain component, respectively," Ruvin said.
He added that after each attack, operational services and law enforcement agencies arrive at the scene of the event, where there is destruction and victims. The Institute's specialists can also be involved in the work to provide expert assistance, record all the circumstances, take photos and collect parts and fragments of weapons and other material evidence.
In the case of significant destruction of real estate, as was the case during the last massive missile attack on the capital on July 8, 2024, parts and debris need to be selected at the scene from the mass of other remnants of destroyed buildings, vehicles, etc. It is easier for a person who has specialized knowledge and considerable experience to ensure the relevant processes. The specific color of the parts and debris, certain technical characteristics, design features, etc. can help to attract attention and highlight the right things